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African food and agriculture systems continue to grapple with food insecurity in the face of climate change, land degradation and biodiversity loss. The present brief highlights the pivotal role that targeted extension and advisory services (EAS) can play in contributing to the transformation of Africa’s food systems and thus greater sustainability and social equity. Agroecology emphasises ecological integrity, social justice and the empowerment of local communities, enabling farmers to adapt to climate impacts while enhancing their livelihoods. Despite its potential, however, only about 30% of farms worldwide operate according to integrated agroecological principles. This is primarily due to insufficient dedicated funding for agroecology, inadequate training of extension workers, limited access to EAS, and the dominance of industrial–agricultural models. Agroecology-focused EAS could improve food security, bolster resilience, support biodiversity and foster social equity within rural communities. Achieving these goals would require building the capacity of extension workers to use agroecological principles effectively and to engage local farmers, markets and consumers, particularly women and youth, in the transition process. This brief calls upon development partners to rethink funding strategies in order to prioritise long-term, community-driven initiatives that align with the principles of agroecology. An integrated approach is essential for creating sustainable and inclusive agricultural systems across the continent.